纳米TiO2薄膜在不同陶瓷表面的负载及其光催化性能研究

利用2种不同表面处理的陶瓷作为载体，用溶胶凝胶法在其表面进行了纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的负载。采用X射线衍射法（XRD）、X射线光电于能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电镜（SEM）对薄膜的粒径、横断面及表面组成进行了表征和分析，结果表明，TiO2的平均粒径约为15nm，釉面陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布均匀，膜厚约为300nm；无釉陶瓷TiO2薄膜分布不均，膜层不明显；2种载体中的一些基质离子在TiO2薄膜有渗透。苯酚的降解实验表明，以2种不同表面处理的陶瓷为载体的TiO2薄膜对苯酚的降解均符合一级反应动力学，就催化活性而言，TiO2／釉面陶瓷〉TiO2／无釉陶瓷，分析认为基质渗透的Ca^2＋有降低TiO2光催化活性的作用；该薄膜对实际生产多菌灵废水具有催化降解作用。重复降解实验20次，TiO2／釉面陶瓷和TiO2／无釉陶瓷对苯酚的去除率仅分别降低9％和6％。     

涂铁砂吸附镉的动力学研究

研究了10℃,20℃,40℃的温度下,涂铁砂(Iron oxide coated sand,简称IOCS)对镉的吸附动力学。镉在IOCS表面的吸附可分为两个阶段,吸附反应的前60min为快速吸附阶段,60min后,吸附速率明显变慢。温度升高加快了镉在IOCS表面的吸附速率。用Elovich动力学模型,准一级反应模型,准二级反应模型,二级反应模型和粒内扩散动力学模型对实验数据进行回归分析,准二级反应模型能更好地描述镉在IOCS表面的吸附,各吸附模型的模拟优劣顺序为:准二级模型>二级模型>Elovich模型>准一级模型>粒内扩散模型。     

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine running on biodiesel: a review

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine, also known as low heat rejection (LHR) engine have offered the promise of reducing heat rejection to the engine coolant and increase the combustion temperature which results in increase of thermal efficiency, decrease of fuel consumption and emission rate of the engine. Biodiesel derived from the vegetable oils are a promising alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The viscosity of vegetable oil after transestrification is still higher than that of diesel fuel. The various researchers have reported that the energy of the biodiesel could be released more efficiently with the concept of LHR engine. In the case of LHR engine running on different biodiesel blends, almost all experimental studies has predicted improved performance. This paper analyses and discussed the operating conditions under which the experimental studies are carried out and the factors which affect thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions in LHR engine.     

包膜尿素对水田土壤排放NH3、NOx、CO2影响的研究

为了研究包膜尿素对水田土壤排放NH3、Nox和CO2的影响,采用水稻盆栽的方法,探讨了在水稻不同生育期内不同种类包膜尿素对水田土壤排放NH3、Nq和CO2的影响。结果表明,包膜尿素处理对水田土壤排放NH3、Nq和CO2均具有抑制作用,与普通尿素相比,包膜尿素LP40、LPSS、BB、SC60NH3的挥发总量降低了5．4％-19．3％,Nox的挥发总量降低了8．1％-23．4％,CO2的挥发总量降低了1．6％-13．O％;施用包膜尿素能够抑制水田土壤NH3、NOx和CO2的排放。     

涂铁多孔陶瓷对水中亚甲基蓝的动态吸附

研究了涂铁多孔陶瓷填料柱对水中亚甲基蓝（MB）的动态吸附性能。探讨了填料高度、MB初始质量浓度和流速对穿透曲线的影响；分别用BDST模型、Thomas模型和线性回归对动态吸附实验数据拟合，获得了相关参数，并研究了填料的再生性能。结果表明，涂铁多孔陶瓷（IOCPC）能有效去除水中MB，填料层升高，穿透曲线上的穿透点向右移动，穿透时间延长；而随流速、MB初始质量浓度的增大，穿透曲线上的穿透点向左移动，穿透时间缩短。用BDST模型能准确预测穿透时间，误差＜5%；用Thomas模型可较好地描述了MB浓度为10和50 mg/L、初速为2 mL/min时IOCPC对MB的吸附动力学，相关系数分别为0.99和0.93，平衡吸附容量分别为0.078和0.13 mg/g。对吸附饱和后的涂铁多孔陶瓷可用pH=3的硝酸再生，重复使用3次穿透曲线上的穿透点基本不变。     

Hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized on amino-modified magnetic nanoparticles for the catalytic removal of bisphenol A

Catalytic removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution with hemoglobin immobilized on amino-modified magnetic nanoparticles as an enzyme catalyst was reported. The amino-modified magnetite nanoparticles were firstly prepared by the coprecipitation of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ with NH₃·H₂O and then modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The immobilization process was optimized by examining enzyme concentration, glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-link time, and immobilization time. The optimum conditions for the removal of bisphenol A with immobilized hemoglobin were also investigated. Under the optimality conditions, the removal efficiency of bisphenol A was about 80.3%. The immobilization had a beneficial effect on the stability of hemoglobin and conversions of bisphenol A. According to the proposed breakdown pathway and the intermediates, the enzyme-catalytic removal of bisphenol A by the immobilized hemoglobin is considered to be an effective method.     

The determinants of effective defluorination by the LiAl-LDHs

Millions of people in poor areas are still under the threat of fluoride contamination.How to effectively separate fluorine in water is an important step to reduce the ecological risk.In this paper,we performed a systematic DFT calculation focused on the defluorination behavior between the LiAl-and MgAl-LDHs.The results indicated that the LiAl-LDHs exhibited high chemical activity before the defluorination,because of the better electronic structure.After the defluorination,the LiAl-LDHs with adso...     

稻季施用不同尿素品种的氮素径流和淋溶损失

在太湖地区乌栅土上,利用大型原状土柱研究不同尿素品种、施肥量处理在稻季氮素径流和淋溶损失.结果表明,包膜尿素在基施情况下,田面水总氮浓度始终接近对照水平,通过径流损失的可能性很小.尿素处理施肥后2d内田面水氮浓度达最高值,随后急剧下降,施肥与径流产生时间的间隔是决定径流氮排放大小的关键因素,施肥5d后的降雨不易造成大的径流排放,氮径流损失与尿素施用量呈显著正相关.各处理间的氮素淋溶排放无显著差异,在2.66～3.25kgN/hm²之间;淋溶液中NO₃^--N浓度最高为0.83mgN/L,在正常施肥情况下,此类土壤氮的淋溶不会造成地下水NO₃--N的严重污染.     

Development of highly active coated monolith SCR catalyst with strong abrasion resistance for low-temperature application

Monolith SCR catalysts coated with V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ were prepared by varying binder and coating thickness. Comparing with a monolith extruded with 100% V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ powder, a coated monolith with a catalyst-coating layer of 260 μm in thickness exhibited the similar initial NO_x reduction activity at 250°C. After 4 h abrasion (attrition) in an air stream containing 300 g·m⁻³ fine sands (50–100 μm) at a superficial gas velocity of 10 m·s⁻¹, the catalyst still has the activity as a 100% molded monolith does in a 24-h activity test and it retains about 92% of its initial activity at 250°C. Estimation of the equivalent durable hours at a fly ash concentration of 1.0 g·m⁻³ in flue gas and a gas velocity of 5 m·s⁻¹ demonstrated that this coated monolith catalyst is capable of resisting abrasion for 13 months without losing more than 8% of its initial activity. The result suggests the great potential of the coated monolith for application to de-NO_x of flue gases with low fly ash concentrations from, such as glass and ceramics manufacturing processes.     

垂直流人工湿地MgFe-LDHs覆膜改性基质净化效果研究

选取生物陶粒、无烟煤、沸石3种垂直流人工湿地常用基质,采用金属摩尔比(M2+ : M3+)为2:1的MgCl2溶液和FeCl3溶液在碱性条件下共沉淀即时生成MgFe-LDHs,并将其覆膜于所选3种垂直流人工湿地基质表面;构建模拟基质试验柱,对改性前后的6种基质进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化受污染湖水的小试试验,并进行对比分析.结果表明:该种针对垂直流人工湿地典型基质的MgFe-LDHs覆膜改性方式可行;改性后的3种基质对CODCr、氨氮、总磷的净化效果均有不同程度的提高;其中,无烟煤基质的覆膜改性性能最优,改性后的无烟煤基质对CODCr、氨氮、总磷的平均去除率分别超过了80%、60%和90%.